If I Were a Boy
The subtitles was from my undergradute classmate, Edison!!
25.11.08
24.11.08
23.11.08
[Gram./Vocab.] Week 7-29_11_08
I. 筆譯題 (Randomised Patterns)
Meeting the 'metrosexual' man
II. AFFIXES
A. fin= end; limit
1. finale - fin_end + ale_n.suffix (n.) 尾聲；終曲
e.g. The concerto is now drawing to a close, entering the grand finale.
2. to finalise (finalize) - fin_to end + al + ise/ize_v.suffix (v.) 確定；確立；結束
e.g. Over a period of time in negotiation, the contract was finalised yesterday.
3. finesse - fin_to end + esse_v/n.-suffix (n.) 手腕；技巧 (v.) 用計
e.g. The diplomatic negotiations over this sensitive issue require a fair amount of finesse.
4. finicky - fin_to end + ic + ky_adj.-suffix (n.) 挑剔的
e.g.
5. finite - fin_limit + ite_adj.-suffix (a.) 有限的
e.g.
6. to confine - con_together + fine_limit (v.) 限制
e.g.
7. definition - de_down + fin_limit + it + ion_n.-suffix (n.) 定義
e.g.
8. definitive - de_down + fin_limit + it + ive_adj.-suffix (a.) 權威的；代表性的
e.g.
9. infinite - in_not + fin_limit + ite_adj.-suffix (a.) 無限的
e.g.
10. refined - re_again + fin_end + ed_adj.-suffix (a.) 高雅的
e.g.
11. refinery - re_again + fin_end + ery_n.-suffix (n.) 精煉廠
e.g.
12. refinement - re_again + fin(e)_end + ment_n.-suffix (n.) 精煉；高雅
e.g.
13. to refine - re_again + fin(e)_end (v.) 提煉；精煉
e.g.
B. term = end; limit
1. to determine - de_down + term_end + ine_v.-suffix (v.) 決定
e.g.
2. term - term_limit (n.) 任期；詞語；條件；期間
e.g.
terms (n.) 賒帳期限
to give sb. credit 讓……賒帳
e.g. What are the terms? 付款期限多久?
e.g. Give me some terms, please. 請讓我賒帳
e.g. We can't give you any more credit because your credit is not very good with us.
因為你信用不好，所以不能再讓你賒帳了
3. terminal - term_end + in + al_n./adj.-suffix (a.) 末期的 (n.) 終站；航廈
e.g.
4. to terminate - term_end + in + ate_v.-suffix (v.) 終止
e.g.
5. terminology - term_limit + ino + logy_study of (n.) 術語；用語
e.g.
6. terminus - term_end + in + us (n.) 終站
e.g.
7. conterminous - con_together + term_limit + in + ous (a.) 接壤的；交界的
e.g.
adjacent (a.) 毗鄰的
e.g.
8. to exterminate - ex_out + term_end + in + ate_v.-suffix (v.) 消滅
e.g.
9. indeterminate - in_not + de_down + term_end + in + ate_adj.-suffix (a.) 不一定的
e.g.
10. perdetermined - pre_before + de_down + term_limit + in + ed_adj.-suffix (a.) 事先決定的
C. dur = hard, last
1. duration - dur_last + at + ion_n.-suffix (n.) 時期
e.g.
2. durable - dur_last + able_able (n.) 耐久的物品 (a.) 耐久的
e.g.
3. to duress - dur_hard + ess_n.-suffix (n.) 脅迫
e.g.
4. to endure - en_v.-suffix + dure_last (v.) 忍受
e.g.
5. enduring - en_v.-suffix + dure_last + ing_adj.-suffix (a.) 歷久不衰的
e.g.
6. obdurate - ob_against + dur_hard + ate_adj.-suffix (a.) 頑固的
e.g.
7. during - dur_last + ing (prep.) 在……期間
e.g.
D. flu = flow
1. flood
e.g.
2. fluctuation
e.g.
3. fluent
e.g.
4. fluency
e.g.
5. fluid
e.g.
6. to flush
e.g.
7. flux
e.g.
8. affluent
e.g.
9. confluence
e.g.
10. effluent
e.g.
11. influential
e.g.
12. influx
e.g.
13. superfluous
e.g.
14. floe
e.g.
15. flotilla
e.g.
16. flotsam
e.g.
E. und = flow; overflow
1. abundant
e.g.
2. undulate
e.g.
3. abound
e.g.
4. inundate
e.g.
5. redundant
e.g.
F. mob, mot = move
1. motor
e.g.
2. mob
e.g.
3. mobility
e.g.
4. to mobilise (mobilize)
e.g.
5. mobile
e.g.
6. automobile
e.g.
7. to immobilise (immobilize)
e.g.
8. momentum
e.g.
9. to remove
e.g.
10. removal
e.g.
11. motivation
e.g.
12. motive
e.g.
13. to motivate
e.g.
14. to demote
e.g.
15. emotion
e.g.
16. promotion
e.g.
17. to promote
e.g.
G. auto = self
1. autocracy
e.g.
2. autocrat
e.g.
3. autocratic
e.g.
4. automat
e.g.
5. automatic
e.g.
6. automatic pilot (autopilot)
e.g.
7. automation
e.g.
8. to automatise (automatize)
e.g.
9. automaton
e.g.
10. automobile
e.g.
11. autonomic
e.g.
12. autonomous
e.g.
13. autonomy
e.g.
14. autobiography
e.g.
15. autobiographer
e.g.
16. autobiographical novel
e.g.
17. autograph
e.g.
18. autopsy
e.g.
19. autodidact
e.g.
20. autogamous
e.g.
21. autogamy
e.g.
22. autograft
e.g.
23. autolysis
e.g.
24. autotomy
e.g.
25. to autotomise (autotomize)
e.g.
H. tain, ten, tin = hold
1. contain - con_together + tain_to hold (v.) 包含
e.g.
2. abstain - abs_away + tain_to hold (v.) 戒絕
e.g.
3. attain - at_to + tain_to hold (v.) 達成
e.g.
4. detain - de_away + tain_to hold (v.) 扣留
e.g.
5. entertain - enter_between + tain_to hold (v.) 娛樂
e.g.
6. obtain - ob_to + tain_to hold (v.) 取得
e.g.
7. retain - re_back + tain_to hold (v.) 留下
e.g.
8. sustain - sus_under + tain_to hold (v.) 維持
e.g.
9. tenaciously - ten_to hold + ac + ious + ly (adv.) 頑強(地)
e.g.
10. tenant - ten_to hold + ant (n.) 房客
e.g.
11. tenet - ten_to hold + et (n.) 教義
e.g.
12. tenure - ten_to hold + ure (n.) 任期
e.g.
13. content - con_together + tent_to hold (n.) 目錄；內容
e.g.
14. maintenance - main_hand + ten_to hold + ance (n.) 保養；維護
e.g.
15. untenable - un_not + ten_to hold + able (a.) 行不通的
e.g.
16. continent - con_together + tin_to hold + ent (n.) 大陸；洲
e.g.
17. retina - re_back + tin_to hold + a (n.) 視網膜
e.g.
18. retinue - re_back + tin_to hold + ue (n.) 隨從
e.g.
III. Random Samples from GRE-Verbal
IV. Review Test
Meeting the 'metrosexual' man
II. AFFIXES
A. fin= end; limit
1. finale - fin_end + ale_n.suffix (n.) 尾聲；終曲
e.g. The concerto is now drawing to a close, entering the grand finale.
2. to finalise (finalize) - fin_to end + al + ise/ize_v.suffix (v.) 確定；確立；結束
e.g. Over a period of time in negotiation, the contract was finalised yesterday.
3. finesse - fin_to end + esse_v/n.-suffix (n.) 手腕；技巧 (v.) 用計
e.g. The diplomatic negotiations over this sensitive issue require a fair amount of finesse.
4. finicky - fin_to end + ic + ky_adj.-suffix (n.) 挑剔的
e.g.
5. finite - fin_limit + ite_adj.-suffix (a.) 有限的
e.g.
6. to confine - con_together + fine_limit (v.) 限制
e.g.
7. definition - de_down + fin_limit + it + ion_n.-suffix (n.) 定義
e.g.
8. definitive - de_down + fin_limit + it + ive_adj.-suffix (a.) 權威的；代表性的
e.g.
9. infinite - in_not + fin_limit + ite_adj.-suffix (a.) 無限的
e.g.
10. refined - re_again + fin_end + ed_adj.-suffix (a.) 高雅的
e.g.
11. refinery - re_again + fin_end + ery_n.-suffix (n.) 精煉廠
e.g.
12. refinement - re_again + fin(e)_end + ment_n.-suffix (n.) 精煉；高雅
e.g.
13. to refine - re_again + fin(e)_end (v.) 提煉；精煉
e.g.
B. term = end; limit
1. to determine - de_down + term_end + ine_v.-suffix (v.) 決定
e.g.
2. term - term_limit (n.) 任期；詞語；條件；期間
e.g.
terms (n.) 賒帳期限
to give sb. credit 讓……賒帳
e.g. What are the terms? 付款期限多久?
e.g. Give me some terms, please. 請讓我賒帳
e.g. We can't give you any more credit because your credit is not very good with us.
因為你信用不好，所以不能再讓你賒帳了
3. terminal - term_end + in + al_n./adj.-suffix (a.) 末期的 (n.) 終站；航廈
e.g.
4. to terminate - term_end + in + ate_v.-suffix (v.) 終止
e.g.
5. terminology - term_limit + ino + logy_study of (n.) 術語；用語
e.g.
6. terminus - term_end + in + us (n.) 終站
e.g.
7. conterminous - con_together + term_limit + in + ous (a.) 接壤的；交界的
e.g.
e.g.
8. to exterminate - ex_out + term_end + in + ate_v.-suffix (v.) 消滅
e.g.
9. indeterminate - in_not + de_down + term_end + in + ate_adj.-suffix (a.) 不一定的
e.g.
10. perdetermined - pre_before + de_down + term_limit + in + ed_adj.-suffix (a.) 事先決定的
C. dur = hard, last
1. duration - dur_last + at + ion_n.-suffix (n.) 時期
e.g.
2. durable - dur_last + able_able (n.) 耐久的物品 (a.) 耐久的
e.g.
3. to duress - dur_hard + ess_n.-suffix (n.) 脅迫
e.g.
4. to endure - en_v.-suffix + dure_last (v.) 忍受
e.g.
5. enduring - en_v.-suffix + dure_last + ing_adj.-suffix (a.) 歷久不衰的
e.g.
6. obdurate - ob_against + dur_hard + ate_adj.-suffix (a.) 頑固的
e.g.
7. during - dur_last + ing (prep.) 在……期間
e.g.
D. flu = flow
1. flood
e.g.
2. fluctuation
e.g.
3. fluent
e.g.
4. fluency
e.g.
5. fluid
e.g.
6. to flush
e.g.
7. flux
e.g.
8. affluent
e.g.
9. confluence
e.g.
10. effluent
e.g.
11. influential
e.g.
12. influx
e.g.
13. superfluous
e.g.
14. floe
e.g.
15. flotilla
e.g.
16. flotsam
e.g.
E. und = flow; overflow
1. abundant
e.g.
2. undulate
e.g.
3. abound
e.g.
4. inundate
e.g.
5. redundant
e.g.
F. mob, mot = move
1. motor
e.g.
2. mob
e.g.
3. mobility
e.g.
4. to mobilise (mobilize)
e.g.
5. mobile
e.g.
6. automobile
e.g.
7. to immobilise (immobilize)
e.g.
8. momentum
e.g.
9. to remove
e.g.
10. removal
e.g.
11. motivation
e.g.
12. motive
e.g.
13. to motivate
e.g.
14. to demote
e.g.
15. emotion
e.g.
16. promotion
e.g.
17. to promote
e.g.
G. auto = self
1. autocracy
e.g.
2. autocrat
e.g.
3. autocratic
e.g.
4. automat
e.g.
5. automatic
e.g.
6. automatic pilot (autopilot)
e.g.
7. automation
e.g.
8. to automatise (automatize)
e.g.
9. automaton
e.g.
10. automobile
e.g.
11. autonomic
e.g.
12. autonomous
e.g.
13. autonomy
e.g.
14. autobiography
e.g.
15. autobiographer
e.g.
16. autobiographical novel
e.g.
17. autograph
e.g.
18. autopsy
e.g.
19. autodidact
e.g.
20. autogamous
e.g.
21. autogamy
e.g.
22. autograft
e.g.
23. autolysis
e.g.
24. autotomy
e.g.
25. to autotomise (autotomize)
e.g.
H. tain, ten, tin = hold
1. contain - con_together + tain_to hold (v.) 包含
e.g.
2. abstain - abs_away + tain_to hold (v.) 戒絕
e.g.
3. attain - at_to + tain_to hold (v.) 達成
e.g.
4. detain - de_away + tain_to hold (v.) 扣留
e.g.
5. entertain - enter_between + tain_to hold (v.) 娛樂
e.g.
6. obtain - ob_to + tain_to hold (v.) 取得
e.g.
7. retain - re_back + tain_to hold (v.) 留下
e.g.
8. sustain - sus_under + tain_to hold (v.) 維持
e.g.
9. tenaciously - ten_to hold + ac + ious + ly (adv.) 頑強(地)
e.g.
10. tenant - ten_to hold + ant (n.) 房客
e.g.
11. tenet - ten_to hold + et (n.) 教義
e.g.
12. tenure - ten_to hold + ure (n.) 任期
e.g.
13. content - con_together + tent_to hold (n.) 目錄；內容
e.g.
14. maintenance - main_hand + ten_to hold + ance (n.) 保養；維護
e.g.
15. untenable - un_not + ten_to hold + able (a.) 行不通的
e.g.
16. continent - con_together + tin_to hold + ent (n.) 大陸；洲
e.g.
17. retina - re_back + tin_to hold + a (n.) 視網膜
e.g.
18. retinue - re_back + tin_to hold + ue (n.) 隨從
e.g.
III. Random Samples from GRE-Verbal
IV. Review Test
22.11.08
筆記整理(I)_22_11_08 [Undone]
Dedicated to Zach, a fellow member of [Media/Biz.] Study Group
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7732733.stm
Japanese economy now in recession
Japan's economy has entered its first recession
since 2001 after shrinking by 0.1% in the third quarter.
第三季的GDP降低0.1
The world's second-biggest economy had previous shrunk by 0.9% in the April to June quarter.
這個世界第二大的經濟體，第二季的GDP下降了0.9%
"The downtrend in the economy will continue for the time being as global growth slows," said Japanese Economy Minister Kaoru Yosano.
經濟下滑的趨勢，會因全球經濟成長趨緩而持續好一陣子
The eurozone officially slipped into recession last week, and the US is expected to follow.
根據官方說法，歐元區上週經濟(正式)步入衰退；而美國也_____________________
"We need to bear in mind that economic conditions could worsen further as the US and European financial crisis deepens, worries of economic downturn heighten and stock and foreign exchange markets make big swings," Mr Yosano added.
我們應牢記，
The benchmark Nikkei share index fell on opening after the growth data was released, but it later rebounded and closed up 0.7%. The Nikkei has lost a quarter of its value since the beginning of October.
Growth in Japan has been hit by the global economic slowdown which has curbed demand for Japanese exports.
"The risk of Japan posting a third or fourth straight quarterly contraction is growing, given the fact that we can no longer rely on exports," said Takeshi Minami, chief economist at Norinchukin Research Institute.
Japan's economy had experienced its longest period of economic growth since World War II until the sub-prime crisis started a year ago.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7732733.stm
Japanese economy now in recession
Japan's economy has entered its first recession
since 2001 after shrinking by 0.1% in the third quarter.
第三季的GDP降低0.1
The world's second-biggest economy had previous shrunk by 0.9% in the April to June quarter.
這個世界第二大的經濟體，第二季的GDP下降了0.9%
"The downtrend in the economy will continue for the time being as global growth slows," said Japanese Economy Minister Kaoru Yosano.
經濟下滑的趨勢，會因全球經濟成長趨緩而持續好一陣子
The eurozone officially slipped into recession last week, and the US is expected to follow.
根據官方說法，歐元區上週經濟(正式)步入衰退；而美國也_____________________
"We need to bear in mind that economic conditions could worsen further as the US and European financial crisis deepens, worries of economic downturn heighten and stock and foreign exchange markets make big swings," Mr Yosano added.
我們應牢記，
The benchmark Nikkei share index fell on opening after the growth data was released, but it later rebounded and closed up 0.7%. The Nikkei has lost a quarter of its value since the beginning of October.
Growth in Japan has been hit by the global economic slowdown which has curbed demand for Japanese exports.
"The risk of Japan posting a third or fourth straight quarterly contraction is growing, given the fact that we can no longer rely on exports," said Takeshi Minami, chief economist at Norinchukin Research Institute.
Japan's economy had experienced its longest period of economic growth since World War II until the sub-prime crisis started a year ago.
[轉貼]英文王子張介英－本土英文學習典範
上市後一週大賣八千本，兩個多月銷路已超過兩萬本的《英文王子張介英》，只不過是一本明星書嗎？你錯了。而如果你以為張介英是長得帥又一路順遂、得天獨厚的老么驕子，你又錯了！
一身運動休閒裝、騎著摩托車來受訪的張介英，劈頭就說：「要作大事不一定要念第一學府」。他認為自己的成功一半歸功於自己的不服輸、越挫越勇的好勝心，以及高度自律意志。
從國小到國高中，張介英的英語表現起起伏伏，出現過演講比賽上場卻忘了台詞的場景。而身為輔大翻譯研究所榜首，到了第一學年終了時，他居然有四科被當，還被所長約談希望他轉組。回顧英文學習的成敗經驗，有兩個轉捩點，一是就讀政大實驗小學，由於常愛發問，被一群家境富裕的ＡＢＣ同學不耐與嘲笑，反而激起他把英文念好的決心；二是研究所險被死當，被逼出國磨練一年的黑暗經驗。
當時，張介英雖拿到英國倫敦政經學院全額獎學金，但是高昂的生活費還是要靠母親抵押房子貸款接濟，反敗為勝的壓力，讓他焦慮而瘋狂地吸收各式各樣的資訊。他不斷向英國同學發問請教，雖然對方都肯定他的修辭已經比百分之九十的當地人還好，他還忍不住歇斯底里地問：「你到底覺得我的英文好不好嘛？」
在英國留學時，張介英每晚都要設定收聽電台廣播，弄得自己半睡半醒、恍恍惚惚。第一次離家那麼遠，思鄉的情緒也讓他逢深夜必落淚。他認為，自己的好強好學是雙子座使然，當他人覺得自己夠好的時候，他反而覺得自己不夠好，要更努力來證明自己更好！
客觀分析，這種自我監督的正向學習機制，是由張介英大大小小的挫敗經驗所形塑與觸發的；這種不進則退的強烈危機意識，也正是台灣人長久身處已開發國家與開發中國家的競爭行列所建構的民族性。而他不願意寄身於大公司，選擇當個專業口譯個體戶，正是寧為雞首不為牛後的典型本土現象。
張介英說「中文怎麼學，英文就該怎麼學」。「英文好」並不是指可以和人用英文流利對話而已，背景知識的補充才是精進關鍵，不然就得常常當功能性文盲。同時，他語出驚人地說：「還要愛上犯錯丟臉的感覺！」他發現，一時的羞辱感反而會活化腦神經記憶細胞的連結，學得更有效率。他時常主動用不確定的用語和外國人交談，以得到他們的吐槽糾正，認為這倒省了他查字典的時間呢！
張介英認為，學英文和面對人生困境一樣，「態度正向甲要緊！」
訪談結束之際，張介英感嘆，由於父母親在家都不對小孩說母語，只用在互相對談，讓他錯失學習閩南語和客家話的好時機。他說，懂母語的好處是可以瞬間拉近距離，增加陌生人初識的親和力，於友誼與事業都很有幫助。
這位曾擔任阿扁總統、呂秀蓮副總統的口譯員，也是ＩＥＬＴＳ英國留學語文考試世界記錄保持人，認為國際化和本土化、學好母語和英語，一點都不衝突！都是增加自己競爭力的利器！
17.11.08
Think of Your Poor Foot [Undone]
Edgar-001-181108
Think of Your Poor Feet
想想可憐的腳吧
In brief:
簡言之：
簡言之：
Huge numbers of people develop foot pain in their 60s, but it can start as early as the 20s and 30s.
大多數人在六十多歲時開始腳痛／產生足部疼痛，但也可能早發於二三十歲／發生得更早──在二三十歲的時候／但也可能在二三十歲的時候就產生疼痛。
大多數人在六十多歲時開始腳痛／產生足部疼痛，但也可能早發於二三十歲／發生得更早──在二三十歲的時候／但也可能在二三十歲的時候就產生疼痛。
Excessive weight, diabetes and circulation problems can contribute to foot pain.
體重過重，糖尿病以及血液循環的問題，都可能導致腳痛。
體重過重，糖尿病以及血液循環的問題，都可能導致腳痛。
Proper footwear and regular exercise can play a crucial role in preventing foot problems.
在預防足部問題上，合腳的鞋類／合適的鞋子以及適當的運動扮演著決定性的角色。
在預防足部問題上，合腳的鞋類／合適的鞋子以及適當的運動扮演著決定性的角色。
The average person walks the equivalent of three times around the Earth in a lifetime. That is enormous wear and tear on the 26 bones, 33 joints and more than 100 tendons, ligaments and muscles that make up the foot.
一般人在一生中，走過的路／行走的路程相當於繞行地球的三倍之多。這對於由二十六根骨頭，三十三處關節，百條以上的肌腱、韌帶和肌肉組成的足部產生了非常大的損耗。
In a recent survey for the American Podiatric Medical Association, 53 percent of respondents reported foot pain so severe that it hampered their daily function. On average, people develop pain in their 60s, but it can start as early as the 20s and 30s. Yet, except for women who get regular pedicures, most people don't take much care of their feet.
最近一份美國足部醫學協會的報告指出，百分之五十三的回應者指出他們的腳痛得很嚴重，並且因此影響到了生活機能。一般來說，人們在六十多歲時開始腳痛，但也可能在二三十歲時就出現症狀。所以，除了定期修剪腳趾甲的婦女以外，大多數人都不太注重自己的足部保養。
最近一份美國足部醫學協會的報告指出，百分之五十三的回應者指出他們的腳痛得很嚴重，並且因此影響到了生活機能。一般來說，人們在六十多歲時開始腳痛，但也可能在二三十歲時就出現症狀。所以，除了定期修剪腳趾甲的婦女以外，大多數人都不太注重自己的足部保養。
14.11.08
[Gram./Vocab.]Declaration
1. 每個禮拜的單字很多，workload很重請自行擬定讀書計畫
2. title如果有[undone]，就是我還沒整理完畢；眼睛記得要張大一點
3. 內容不會的，歡迎詢問；但是能自己查的請先自己找答案，我想ptt上的規定亦是如此
4. 我的考卷內容只會愈來愈多，不會愈來愈少；而且絕對會有verbal journal上面沒有的文法題或是別的題目；所以要滿分有點困難，但這樣才會知道自己的實力在哪，並且有沒有進步
5. 中英文註釋的答案請不要任意用自己的話謄寫；請按照網誌上給予的解釋，我也知道沒有一定的解釋方式；但是這樣的話，那就自己考自己，不需別人出題目吧？！除非我後面附註(Please explain the following with YOUR OWN WORDS)再自行詮釋之:然後煩請看清詞性或是文本內所使用之詞性
6. 之後會有口頭問答題(most are from weekly verbal journal)，以全英文方式進行
7. 我從撰寫weekly verbal journal到出考卷，一篇約花費8-10小時
那你有well-prepared再來考試嗎？
8. 從下禮拜開始要寫翻譯題，不可以跳過不寫！
9. 請先吃完早餐再加入我們的行列，下禮拜開始不得於會中吃東西(可以喝飲料)
10. 對完答案就檢討考卷
11. 12點之前會全部結束
2. title如果有[undone]，就是我還沒整理完畢；眼睛記得要張大一點
3. 內容不會的，歡迎詢問；但是能自己查的請先自己找答案，我想ptt上的規定亦是如此
4. 我的考卷內容只會愈來愈多，不會愈來愈少；而且絕對會有verbal journal上面沒有的文法題或是別的題目；所以要滿分有點困難，但這樣才會知道自己的實力在哪，並且有沒有進步
5. 中英文註釋的答案請不要任意用自己的話謄寫；請按照網誌上給予的解釋，我也知道沒有一定的解釋方式；但是這樣的話，那就自己考自己，不需別人出題目吧？！除非我後面附註(Please explain the following with YOUR OWN WORDS)再自行詮釋之:然後煩請看清詞性或是文本內所使用之詞性
6. 之後會有口頭問答題(most are from weekly verbal journal)，以全英文方式進行
7. 我從撰寫weekly verbal journal到出考卷，一篇約花費8-10小時
那你有well-prepared再來考試嗎？
8. 從下禮拜開始要寫翻譯題，不可以跳過不寫！
9. 請先吃完早餐再加入我們的行列，下禮拜開始不得於會中吃東西(可以喝飲料)
10. 對完答案就檢討考卷
11. 12點之前會全部結束
12.11.08
[Gram./Vocab.] Week6-21_11_08
I. 筆譯題：從以下的兩篇隨機抽題目
1) President Discusses Freedom and Democracy in Kyoto, Japan
2) President Bush Discusses Global Climate Change
II. 字根字首
vers, vert = turn, change 轉變
1. conversation - con_together + ver_change+ ation_ n.-suffix (n.) 會話 ; 非正式會談
e.g. I believe the Cross-Straits conversation held in Taipei would become a blockbuster.
2. versatile - ver_change+ sat+ ile_ n.-suffix (a.) 多才多藝的
e.g. As a versatile actor, Edward is able to play any role from hero to clown.
3. verse - vers(e)_turn (n.) 韻文
e.g. Shakespeare's plays are all written in blank verse.
4. versed - ver_change+ ion_ n.-suffix (n.) 熟練的
e.g. During the visit, we have known the Chinese envoy is well versed in the art of diplomacy.
5. version - ver_change+ ion_ n.-suffix (n.) 版本
e.g. The standard version of the Bible is the 1611 King James Bible.
6. adverse - ad_to + vers(e)_ to turn (a.) 有害的；逆向的；敵對的；不利的
e.g. Abraham Lincoln, the Great Emancipator, was also a self-made man who rose above adverse circumstances.
7. adversary - ad_against + vers(e)_ to turn (n.) 敵手
e.g. She easily defeated her adversary in the contest.
8. adversity - ad_to + vers_ turn + ity_n.-suffix (n.) 逆境
e.g. Christians believe that it can be a source of inspiration in the face of adversity to read the Bible.
9. anniversary - anni_year + vers_ turn + ary_n.-suffix (n.) 週年紀念日
e.g. Macy's is holding an anniversary sale.(週年慶特賣會)
10. conversely - con_加強語氣 + vers_ turn + ly_adv.-suffix (a.) 相反(地)
e.g. The bailout may rescue the whole country, or conversely, it may destroy it once and for all.
11. controversy - contro_against + vers_ turn + y_n.-suffix (n.) 爭議
e.g. The controversy over the use of the land remained unsettled.
12. diversion - di_away + vers_ to turn + ion_n.-suffix (n.) 消遣；娛樂
e.g. After a week of monotonous work, many people go fishing. Some go camping. Still others go swimming for diversion.
13. divert - di_away + vers_ to turn (v.) 消遣；轉移；娛樂
e.g. I tried to listen to the lecture, but the whispering behind me diverted my attention.
14. inverse - in_in + verse_ turn (a.) 顛倒的
e.g. One's life expectancy could be in inverse ratio to the number of cigarettes one smokes.
15. perverse - per_thoroughly + vert_ turn (a.) 不正常的
e.g. In a perverse way, banning a book may make it a hit on the black market.
16. reverse - re_back + verse_ turn (v.) 逆轉 (n.) 相反 (a.) 顛倒的
e.g. You need to shift into reverse before you can back the car into the garage.
17. universe - uni_one + vert_ turn (n.) 宇宙
e.g. If the universe is as colossal as scientistes say it is, there must be extraterrestrial life somewhere.
18. vertebrate - vert_ turn + brate_n./adj.-suffix (n.) 有脊動物 (a.) 有脊的
e.g. Blue whales are huge vertebrates, larger even than the greatest of the dinosaurs.
e.g. Human beings are vertebrates; it is irreversible once if their spinal cord have got hurt.
19. vertiginous - vert_turn + igi_ go + nous_adj.-suffix (a.) 頭暈目眩的
e.g. Goats can run down vertiginous mountain slopes without any difficulty.
20. vertigo - vert_turn + igo_go (n.) 暈眩症
e.g. Looking down from the skyscraper, Matissé felt a giddy sense of vertigo.
21. avert - a(b)_away + vert_ to turn (v.) 避免；避開；移開
e.g. She averted her eyes from the unpleasant scene. ( = to turn away)
e.g. By taking preventaive measures, Marsha and Sasha hoped to avert another disaster.
(= to prevent...from...)
* to avert a strike 取消罷工
* to avert a blow 擋開一擊
22. averse - a(b)_away + vert_ to turn (a.) 嫌惡的；反對的
e.g. Having lost so much money on the lottery, she was averse to risking any more.
23. aversion - a(b)_away + vert_ to turn (n.) 反感；討厭 <~to>
e.g. Because of her aversion to work, she never held a job long.
24. convert - con_加強語氣 + vert_ to turn (v.) 轉換
e.g. These politicians rapidly converted their political beliefs as soon as they had known
the result in the presedential election. (to turn...from.../ to turn together to the same belief)
25. extrovert - extro_outward + vert_ turn (n.) 外向的人
e.g. We need an extrovert to fill the post of PR Director.
26. invertebrate - in_not + vert_ turn + brate_n./adj.-suffix (n.) 無脊動物 (a.) 無脊的
e.g. Large earthworms may look like snakes, but they are invertebrates.
27. incontrovertible - in_not + contro_ against + vert_turn + ible_able (a.) 無可辯駁的
e.g. When the suspect came up with an incontrovertible alibi, the police had to let him go.
28. introverted - in_not + vert_ turn + ed_adj.-suffix (a.) 內向的
29. introvert - in_not + vert_ turn + ed_adj.-suffix (n.) 內向的人
e.g. Introverts think mainly about themselves.
30. perverted- per_加強語氣 + vert_ turn + ed_adj.-suffix (a.) 變態的
e.g. The sexually perverted rapist murderer was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment.
31. revert - re_back + vert_ turn (v.) 回到
e.g. In which year did Macau revert to Beijing rule?
32. subvert- sub_under + vert_ turn (v.) 顛覆
e.g. The Gang of Four was tried under the charge of trying to subvert the government.
III. Synonyms
synonyms sarcastic , satiric(al) , ironic , sardonic mean marked by bitterness and a power or will to cut or sting.
Sarcastic implies an intentional inflicting of pain by deriding, taunting, or ridiculing.
Satiric(al) implies that the intent of the ridiculing is censure and reprobation.
Ironic implies an attempt to be amusing or provocative by saying usually the opposite of what is meant.
Sardonic implies scorn, mockery, or derision that is manifested by either verbal or facial expression.
sarcastic. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 18, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sarcastic
IV. Review Test
之前考過的當然要持續複習囉!!
1) President Discusses Freedom and Democracy in Kyoto, Japan
2) President Bush Discusses Global Climate Change
II. 字根字首
vers, vert = turn, change 轉變
1. conversation - con_together + ver_change+ ation_ n.-suffix (n.) 會話 ; 非正式會談
e.g. I believe the Cross-Straits conversation held in Taipei would become a blockbuster.
2. versatile - ver_change+ sat+ ile_ n.-suffix (a.) 多才多藝的
e.g. As a versatile actor, Edward is able to play any role from hero to clown.
3. verse - vers(e)_turn (n.) 韻文
e.g. Shakespeare's plays are all written in blank verse.
4. versed - ver_change+ ion_ n.-suffix (n.) 熟練的
e.g. During the visit, we have known the Chinese envoy is well versed in the art of diplomacy.
5. version - ver_change+ ion_ n.-suffix (n.) 版本
e.g. The standard version of the Bible is the 1611 King James Bible.
6. adverse - ad_to + vers(e)_ to turn (a.) 有害的；逆向的；敵對的；不利的
e.g. Abraham Lincoln, the Great Emancipator, was also a self-made man who rose above adverse circumstances.
7. adversary - ad_against + vers(e)_ to turn (n.) 敵手
e.g. She easily defeated her adversary in the contest.
8. adversity - ad_to + vers_ turn + ity_n.-suffix (n.) 逆境
e.g. Christians believe that it can be a source of inspiration in the face of adversity to read the Bible.
9. anniversary - anni_year + vers_ turn + ary_n.-suffix (n.) 週年紀念日
e.g. Macy's is holding an anniversary sale.(週年慶特賣會)
10. conversely - con_加強語氣 + vers_ turn + ly_adv.-suffix (a.) 相反(地)
e.g. The bailout may rescue the whole country, or conversely, it may destroy it once and for all.
11. controversy - contro_against + vers_ turn + y_n.-suffix (n.) 爭議
e.g. The controversy over the use of the land remained unsettled.
12. diversion - di_away + vers_ to turn + ion_n.-suffix (n.) 消遣；娛樂
e.g. After a week of monotonous work, many people go fishing. Some go camping. Still others go swimming for diversion.
13. divert - di_away + vers_ to turn (v.) 消遣；轉移；娛樂
e.g. I tried to listen to the lecture, but the whispering behind me diverted my attention.
14. inverse - in_in + verse_ turn (a.) 顛倒的
e.g. One's life expectancy could be in inverse ratio to the number of cigarettes one smokes.
15. perverse - per_thoroughly + vert_ turn (a.) 不正常的
e.g. In a perverse way, banning a book may make it a hit on the black market.
16. reverse - re_back + verse_ turn (v.) 逆轉 (n.) 相反 (a.) 顛倒的
e.g. You need to shift into reverse before you can back the car into the garage.
17. universe - uni_one + vert_ turn (n.) 宇宙
e.g. If the universe is as colossal as scientistes say it is, there must be extraterrestrial life somewhere.
18. vertebrate - vert_ turn + brate_n./adj.-suffix (n.) 有脊動物 (a.) 有脊的
e.g. Blue whales are huge vertebrates, larger even than the greatest of the dinosaurs.
e.g. Human beings are vertebrates; it is irreversible once if their spinal cord have got hurt.
19. vertiginous - vert_turn + igi_ go + nous_adj.-suffix (a.) 頭暈目眩的
e.g. Goats can run down vertiginous mountain slopes without any difficulty.
20. vertigo - vert_turn + igo_go (n.) 暈眩症
e.g. Looking down from the skyscraper, Matissé felt a giddy sense of vertigo.
21. avert - a(b)_away + vert_ to turn (v.) 避免；避開；移開
e.g. She averted her eyes from the unpleasant scene. ( = to turn away)
e.g. By taking preventaive measures, Marsha and Sasha hoped to avert another disaster.
(= to prevent...from...)
* to avert a strike 取消罷工
* to avert a blow 擋開一擊
22. averse - a(b)_away + vert_ to turn (a.) 嫌惡的；反對的
e.g. Having lost so much money on the lottery, she was averse to risking any more.
23. aversion - a(b)_away + vert_ to turn (n.) 反感；討厭 <~to>
e.g. Because of her aversion to work, she never held a job long.
24. convert - con_加強語氣 + vert_ to turn (v.) 轉換
e.g. These politicians rapidly converted their political beliefs as soon as they had known
the result in the presedential election. (to turn...from.../ to turn together to the same belief)
25. extrovert - extro_outward + vert_ turn (n.) 外向的人
e.g. We need an extrovert to fill the post of PR Director.
26. invertebrate - in_not + vert_ turn + brate_n./adj.-suffix (n.) 無脊動物 (a.) 無脊的
e.g. Large earthworms may look like snakes, but they are invertebrates.
27. incontrovertible - in_not + contro_ against + vert_turn + ible_able (a.) 無可辯駁的
e.g. When the suspect came up with an incontrovertible alibi, the police had to let him go.
28. introverted - in_not + vert_ turn + ed_adj.-suffix (a.) 內向的
29. introvert - in_not + vert_ turn + ed_adj.-suffix (n.) 內向的人
e.g. Introverts think mainly about themselves.
30. perverted- per_加強語氣 + vert_ turn + ed_adj.-suffix (a.) 變態的
e.g. The sexually perverted rapist murderer was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment.
31. revert - re_back + vert_ turn (v.) 回到
e.g. In which year did Macau revert to Beijing rule?
32. subvert- sub_under + vert_ turn (v.) 顛覆
e.g. The Gang of Four was tried under the charge of trying to subvert the government.
III. Synonyms
synonyms sarcastic , satiric(al) , ironic , sardonic mean marked by bitterness and a power or will to cut or sting.
Sarcastic implies an intentional inflicting of pain by deriding, taunting, or ridiculing.
Satiric(al) implies that the intent of the ridiculing is censure and reprobation.
Ironic implies an attempt to be amusing or provocative by saying usually the opposite of what is meant
Sardonic implies scorn, mockery, or derision that is manifested by either verbal or facial expression
sarcastic. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 18, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sarcastic
IV. Review Test
之前考過的當然要持續複習囉!!
5.11.08
[Gram./Vocab.]Week4&5-08/15_11_08
從這禮拜開始呢，除了單字以外，會增加筆譯題；不過不用擔心，不會很難的XD
這次會從以下的兩篇隨機抽題目 Good luck!!
President Discusses Freedom and Democracy in Kyoto, Japan
President Bush Discusses Global Climate Change
1. disdainful (a.) 輕蔑的；蔑視的 <~of>
: full of or expressing disdain
Notice:
Considering there are a great amount of vocabulary this week, make sure you can build'em up day after day; otherwise, it'll be too late to amass them only on Friday.
這次會從以下的兩篇隨機抽題目 Good luck!!
President Discusses Freedom and Democracy in Kyoto, Japan
President Bush Discusses Global Climate Change
1. disdainful (a.) 輕蔑的；蔑視的 <~of>
: full of or expressing disdain
e.g. Marshell is highly disdainful of his colleagues out of arrogance.
* disdain (n.) 驕傲自大；輕蔑
: a feeling of contempt for someone or something regarded as unworthy or inferior
* arrogance (n.) 自大；自負
: an attitude of superiority manifested in an overbearing manner or in presumptuous claims or assumptions
* arrogant (a.) 自大的
* presumptuous (a.) 踰矩的
: overstepping due bounds (as of propriety or courtesy)
* claim
: (v.) 宣稱……為己有；奪去(生命)；聲明；自稱；主張
: (n.) 所有權；所有物；索賠
* disclaim : (v.) 拒絕承認；放棄(權利)；否認
* proclaim: (v.) 宣示；表明
* acclaim : (v.n) 爲……喝采；擁立
e.g. Zhao Kuang Yin (趙匡胤) was acclaimed by his troops at the end of Wudài Shíguó (五代十國, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period).
* exclaim:
1) (vi.)
a. to cry out or speak in strong or sudden emotion
b. to speak loudly or vehemently
2) (vt.) : to utter sharply, passionately, or vehemently
* exclamation (n.) 驚嘆詞；驚嘆語；驚呼
*vehemently (a.) :
1) marked by forceful energy : powerful
a: intensely emotional : impassioned , fervid
b:
(1) : deeply felt 強烈的(質疑)
(2): forcibly expressed
c: bitterly antagonistic 激烈的(反對)
vehement. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 10, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/vehement
* superiority (n.) 優越感
: the quality or state of being superior; a superior characteristic
* to be superior to : 優於
* inferiority (n.) 自卑感
:
1) situated lower down : lower
2)
a: of low or lower degree or rank
b: of poor quality : mediocre
3) of little or less importance, value, or merit
4)
a: situated below another and especially another similar superior part of an upright body
b: situated in a relatively low posterior or ventral position in a quadrupedal body
c:
(1) situated below another plant part or organ
(2) abaxial (a.) 遠軸的
5) relating to or being a subscript
* axis (n.) : 軸(心)
* to be inferior to: 劣於
* manifest
: (vt.) to make evident or certain by showing or displaying
: (n.)
1) a list of passengers or an invoice of cargo for a vehicle 乘客名單
2) (= manifestation, indication) 顯露；表現；指出；證實；表現形式
3) manifesto 宣言
: (a.)
1) readily perceived by the senses and especially by the sight
2) easily understood or recognized by the mind : obvious
* readily (a.) :
in a ready manner: as
1) without hesitating : willingly 樂意(地)；欣然(地)
2) without much difficulty : easily 無困難(地)；輕易(地)；立即(地)
* credulous (a.) 輕信的
: believing too readily on too little evidence; gullibility
e.g. How credulous! I can't believe you simply buy André's BS.
*incredulous (a.) 不輕信的
: not believing readily; desbeliving
e.g. Milan was so incredulous while Sydney popped the question last night; she thought he were just kidding at a time.
* to pop the question [colloquial] : to propose (to sb.) 求婚
*perceive : (vt.)
1)
a) to attain awareness or understanding of 認知(到)
b) to regard as being such 認為是
2) to become aware of through the senses 感受(到)
*manifestation (n.) 明白；顯露；表示
*overbearing (a.)
1) tending to overwhelm : overpowering 壓倒性的；難以抑制的；強勢的
2) decisively important : dominant 支配的；佔(盡)優勢的；佔首位的
3) harshly and haughtily arrogant
* overbear (v.)
: to bring down by superior weight or force : overwhelm
: to domineer over
: to surpass in importance or cogency : outweigh
* domineer:
1) (vi.) to exercise arbitrary or overbearing control 專橫跋扈
2) (vt.) to tyrannise(tyrannize) over 欺壓
* domineering (a.) 跋扈的；盛氣凌人的
* surpass (v.) : 超越；勝過
* cogency (n.) : 中肯；使人信服的力量
* cogent (a.) : 中肯的；使人信服的
1) having power to compel or constrain
2)
a. appealing forcibly to the mind or reason : convincing
*haughtily (adv.) / haughty (a.)
: blatantly and disdainfully proud
* blatantly (a.)
1) noisy especially in a vulgar or offensive manner : clamorous
2) completely obvious, conspicuous, or obtrusive especially in a crass or offensive manner : brazen
* clamourous (clamorous) (a.) : 大聲喧嘩的
* clamour (clamor) :
1) (n.) 大聲疾呼；(吵鬧著)要求；持續吶喊；抗議聲浪
2) (v.) 大聲疾呼；(吵鬧著)要求；不斷聲明/宣示
e.g. to clamour for impeachment 要求彈劾 / to clamour for food 吵著要食物
* vulgar: (a.) 平民的；大眾的
* conspicuous : (a.)
1) obvious to the eye or mind 顯著的；顯而易見的；顯明的；明顯的
2) attracting attention 引人注目的；聚焦的；引人側目的(neg.)
3) marked by a noticeable violation of good taste
* conspicuous consumption (n.) 擺闊；裝闊氣
* noticeable (a.) 卓越的；值得注意的
Synonyms noticeable , remarkable , prominent , outstanding , conspicuous , salient , striking mean attracting notice or attention.
Noticeable applies to something unlikely to escape observation.
Remarkable applies to something so extraordinary or exceptional as to invite comment.
Prominent applies to something commanding notice by standing out from its surroundings or background.
Outstanding applies to something that rises above and excels others of the same kind
Conspicuous applies to something that is obvious and unavoidable to the sight or mind
Salient applies to something of significance that merits the attention given it
Striking applies to something that impresses itself powerfully and deeply upon the observer's mind or vision
noticeable. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved November 10, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/noticeable
* lavish (a.) 揮霍的；鋪張的；浪費的
* profusely (adv.) 大量(地)
* obtrusive:
* contempt (n.) 蔑視；[Legal.] 藐視法庭 <~of>
* Familiarity breeds contempt [Proverb] 近廟欺神；親暱生狎侮
* familiarity (n.)
e.g. I resent the familiarities of a stranger.
* resent (vt.) 厭惡
: to feel or express annoyance or ill will at
* to familiarise (familiarize) (vt.) 使…熟悉；使……普及 <~with>
e.g. Shelly should familiarise herself with everything at the start of colligiate life.
* familiarisation (familiarization) (n.) 通俗化；通達……
2. resilient : 迅速回復氣力的
* resilience : (n.)
3. harangue : (n.) tirade; phillipic ; a discourse or declamation full of bitter condemnation
長篇的攻擊性演說；激烈的發言
4. to utilise (utilize) : (vt.) 善用
5. underdog : (n.) 居於劣勢者；形勢不利者
6. favourite (favorite) : (n.) 最有希望獲勝者；處於優勢地位者
7. untenable - un_not + ten_to hold + able_able : (a.) 不可行的
* untenability (n.) 不可行(之事)
8. feasible - feas_to do + ible_able : (a.) 可行的
* feasibility (n.) 可行性
* fact, fect, fic = do, make 做(出)；製造(出) －－ 字源大挪移，旋元佑，2001，經典傳訊
1. factory - fac_to make + ory_n.-suffix : (n.) 工廠
2. faction - fact_to do + ion_n.-suffix : (n.) 派系
3. factor - fact_to do + or_n.-suffix : (n.) 因素
4. factotum - fac_to do + totum_total : (n.) 雜工；助理
5. factual - fac_to do + ual_adj.-suffix : (a.) 事實的
6. artifact - arti_skill + fact_to make : (n.) 古文物
7. manufacture - manu_hand + fact_to make + ure_v.-suffix : (v.) 生產；製造
8. faciliate - fac_to do + ate_v.-suffix : (v.) 使……有幫助；使……方便
9. facility- fac_to do + ity_n.-suffix : (n.) 設施；機構
10. facsimilie (abbr. fax) - fac_to make + sim_same + ile_v.-suffix : (n.) 仿製品；傳真
11. affect - af/ad_to + fect_do : (v.) 影響
12. defective - de_not + fect_to do + ive_adj.-suffix : (a.) 有瑕疵的；有缺陷的
13. effect - ef/ex_out + fect_to do : (n.) 效果；結果；影響 (vt.)實現(理想)；完成(計畫)；引起(變化)
14. effective - ef/ex_out + fect_to do + ive_adj.-suffix : (a.) 有效(果)的
15. imperfect - im_not + per_thoroughly + fect_to do : (a.) 不完美的
16. ineffectual - in_not + ef/ex_out + fect_to do + ual_adj.-suffix : (a.) 無效的；沒用的
17. perfectionist - per_thoroughly + fect_to do + ion_n.-suffix + ist_ one who... : (n.) 完美主義者
18. fiction - fict_to make + ion_n.-suffix : (n.) 小說；虛構故事
19. nonfiction - non_not + fict_to make + ion_n.-suffix : (n.) 非小說
20. fictitious - fict_to make + ious_adj.-suffix : (a.) 虛構的
21. artificial - arti_skill + fic_to make + ial_adj.-suffix : (a.) 人造的；人工的
22. efficacious - ef/ex_out + fic_do + ious_adj.-suffix : (a.) 效力強的
23. efficiency - ef/ex_out + fic_to do + icency_n.-suffix : (n.) 效率
24. efficient - ef/ex_out + fic_to do + icent_adj.-suffix : (n.) 有效率的
25. proficiency - pro_forward + fic_to do + icency_n.-suffix : (n.) 熟練；專長
26. sufficient - suf/sub_under + fic_to do + ient_adj.-suffix : (a.) 足夠的；充足的
27. insufficient - in_not + suf/sub_under + fic_to do + ient_adj.-suffix : (a.) 不足的
28. deficient - de_not + fic_to do + ient_adj.-suffix : (a.) 不足的
29. feat - to do : (n.) 壯舉
30. counterfeit - counter_against + feit_to make : (a.) 偽造的 (v.) 偽造 (n.) 偽鈔
* forgery
31. surfeit - sur_over + feit_to do : (n.) 過量 (v.) 大吃
* 長得很像的單字 (GRE-Vebal)
facetious : (a.) 滑稽的
Etymology:
Middle French facetieux, from facetie jest, from Latin facetia
factious : (a.) 派系的
factitious : (a.) 人造的
fastidious : (a.) 挑剔的
Etymology:
Middle English, from Latin fastidiosus, from fastidium disgust, probably from fastus arrogance (probably akin to Latin fastigium top) + taedium irksomeness
fictitious (a.) 虛構的
felicitous (a.) 幸福的,恰當的
fractious - fraction_discord + ious_adj.-suffix : (a.) 易怒的
9. eqivocal - equi_equal + voc_voice : (a.) 模擬兩可的；有歧義的；易使人誤解的；(語意)曖昧的；(語意)晦暗不明的
10. unequivocal - un_not + equi_equal + voc_voice : (a.) 毫無疑問的；明確的
Notice:
Considering there are a great amount of vocabulary this week, make sure you can build'em up day after day; otherwise, it'll be too late to amass them only on Friday.
Reference:
- disdainful. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 7, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/disdainful - disdain. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 7, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/disdain - resent. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 7, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/resent - arrogance. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 7, 2008, from http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/arrogance - superiority. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 7, 2008, from http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/superiority - overbear. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 7, 2008, from http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/overbear - overbearing. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 7, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/overbearing - manifest. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 7, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/manifest - haughty. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 7, 2008, from http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/haughty - inferior. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 7, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/inferior - domineer. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 10, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/domineer - domineering. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 10, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/domineering - clamor. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 10, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/clamor - clamorous. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 10, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/clamorous - vulgar. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 10, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/vulgar - lavish. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 10, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lavish - conspicuous. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 10, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/conspicuous - exclaim. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Retrieved November 10, 2008, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/exclaim
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